Improvement
2 tools in the Quality area.
FMEA
Failure mode and effects analysis from a pasted worksheet: the risk priority number RPN = S × O × D of every failure mode with its ranking against an action threshold, the AIAG-VDA (2019) Action Priority H / M / L read from the handbook's severity–occurrence–detection table, the before-and-after comparison once actions are rated, a Pareto chart of the RPN with the cumulative line, the severity × occurrence risk matrix, counts by item, and the MIL-STD-1629A Task 102 criticality analysis when the worksheet carries the failure effect probability, failure mode ratio, part failure rate and operating time (Cm = β α λp t, item criticality Cr as their sum by severity category, the criticality matrix) or the qualitative occurrence levels A–E. The default case is an illustrative ten-row worksheet of a centrifugal pump skid; the MIL-STD-1629A Appendix A example can be loaded from the selector and reproduces its printed Cm = 1.08 and 0.72 and Cr = 1.80.
2 worked examples reproduced, listed on the tool page.
Pareto and Root Cause
Pareto analysis of defect or incident records with the root-cause tools that follow it: the Pareto table and chart (count, cost or count × severity weighting, cumulative percentage, the vital few at an 80 % cut or a top-n), a stratified Pareto by shift, machine, supplier or any other column with the category × stratifier cross-tab tested by Pearson's X², the likelihood-ratio statistic, Cramér's V and adjusted residuals, a before-and-after comparison of two periods (Poisson rate test, exact and normal, and the two-proportion test of each category's share), a c or u control chart of the counts over time when the records carry dates, the 5-Whys cause chains as an indented table, an Ishikawa (fishbone) diagram drawn from the 6M bones or the analyst's own, and a one-page summary naming the vital few and the leading cause of each. The default case is Montgomery's Pareto chart of the tank defect data (19 categories, 166 defects; the first three categories carry about 60 % of the total, as the book notes), with illustrative 5-Whys chains; the selector loads an illustrative 200-record incident log (stratification, periods, u chart) and Montgomery's c chart example of printed circuit boards (c̄ = 19.85, UCL 33.22, LCL 6.48).
4 worked examples reproduced, listed on the tool page.
Other Quality sections
Control · Measurement · Design of Experiments · Inspection and Metrology