2024-T351 Clad flat sheet and plate: MIL-HDBK-5J Design Allowables
show US units (ksi, Msi, lb/in³) open the MIL-HDBK-5J tool compare against temperature find alternatives
| Material class | Aluminum |
| Alloy / temper / form | 2024 / T351 / Clad flat sheet and plate |
| Specifications | AMS-QQ-A-250/5 |
| Handbook | MIL-HDBK-5J, 31 January 2003, section 3.2.3.0, Table 3.2.3.0(e) (pdf page 75 of the chapter file) |
| Dimension bands | 6 |
| Density | 2768 kg/m³ |
Design Mechanical and Physical Properties (room temperature)
Converted from the handbook table (ksi, Msi, lb/in³) and rounded to 4 significant figures; dimension bands in inches with mm in parentheses. Bases: A and B are statistical minimums (99 % and 90 % probability at 95 % confidence), S the specification minimum. Grain directions: L longitudinal, LT long transverse, ST short transverse.
| Dimension band | 0.250–0.499 in (6.35–12.67 mm) | 0.500–1.000 in (12.7–25.4 mm) | 1.001–1.500 in (25.43–38.1 mm) | 1.501–2.000 in (38.13–50.8 mm) | 2.001–3.000 in (50.83–76.2 mm) | 3.001–4.000 in (76.23–101.6 mm) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specification | AMS-QQ-A-250/5 | AMS-QQ-A-250/5 | AMS-QQ-A-250/5 | AMS-QQ-A-250/5 | AMS-QQ-A-250/5 | AMS-QQ-A-250/5 | |||||||
| Basis | A | B | A | B | A | B | A | B | A | B | A | B | |
| Ftu, MPa | L | 427.5 | 441.3 | 420.6 | 434.4 | 413.7 | 427.5 | 413.7 | 427.5 | 399.9 | 413.7 | 379.2 | 393 |
| LT | 427.5 | 441.3 | 420.6 | 434.4 | 413.7 | 427.5 | 413.7 | 427.5 | 399.9 | 413.7 | 379.2 | 393 | |
| ST | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | 358.5 | 372.3 | 337.8 | 351.6 | |
| Fty, MPa | L | 317.2 | 330.9 | 310.3 | 330.9 | 310.3 | 330.9 | 310.3 | 324.1 | 303.4 | 317.2 | 268.9 | 282.7 |
| LT | 275.8 | 289.6 | 275.8 | 289.6 | 275.8 | 289.6 | 275.8 | 289.6 | 275.8 | 289.6 | 268.9 | 282.7 | |
| ST | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | 262 | 275.8 | 262 | 268.9 | |
| Fcy, MPa | L | 255.1 | 268.9 | 255.1 | 268.9 | 255.1 | 268.9 | 248.2 | 262 | 241.3 | 255.1 | 227.5 | 241.3 |
| LT | 296.5 | 310.3 | 289.6 | 310.3 | 289.6 | 303.4 | 289.6 | 303.4 | 282.7 | 296.5 | 268.9 | 282.7 | |
| ST | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | 317.2 | 330.9 | 303.4 | 324.1 | |
| Fsu, MPa | L | 255.1 | 262 | 248.2 | 255.1 | 241.3 | 255.1 | 241.3 | 255.1 | 234.4 | 241.3 | 220.6 | 234.4 |
| LT | 255.1 | 262 | 248.2 | 255.1 | 241.3 | 255.1 | 241.3 | 255.1 | 234.4 | 241.3 | 220.6 | 234.4 | |
| ST | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | 234.4 | 241.3 | 220.6 | 234.4 | |
| Fbru (e/D = 1.5), MPa | L | 648.1 | 668.8 | 634.3 | 655 | 627.4 | 648.1 | 627.4 | 648.1 | 606.7 | 627.4 | 572.3 | 592.9 |
| LT | 648.1 | 668.8 | 634.3 | 655 | 627.4 | 648.1 | 627.4 | 648.1 | 606.7 | 627.4 | 572.3 | 592.9 | |
| ST | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | 606.7 | 627.4 | 572.3 | 592.9 | |
| Fbru (e/D = 2.0), MPa | L | 792.9 | 820.5 | 779.1 | 806.7 | 765.3 | 792.9 | 765.3 | 792.9 | 737.7 | 765.3 | 703.3 | 730.8 |
| LT | 792.9 | 820.5 | 779.1 | 806.7 | 765.3 | 792.9 | 765.3 | 792.9 | 737.7 | 765.3 | 703.3 | 730.8 | |
| ST | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | 737.7 | 765.3 | 703.3 | 730.8 | |
| Fbry (e/D = 1.5), MPa | L | 475.7 | 496.4 | 475.7 | 496.4 | 475.7 | 496.4 | 475.7 | 496.4 | 475.7 | 496.4 | 461.9 | 482.6 |
| LT | 475.7 | 496.4 | 475.7 | 496.4 | 475.7 | 496.4 | 475.7 | 496.4 | 475.7 | 496.4 | 461.9 | 482.6 | |
| ST | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | 475.7 | 496.4 | 461.9 | 482.6 | |
| Fbry (e/D = 2.0), MPa | L | 565.4 | 592.9 | 565.4 | 592.9 | 565.4 | 592.9 | 565.4 | 592.9 | 565.4 | 592.9 | 551.6 | 579.2 |
| LT | 565.4 | 592.9 | 565.4 | 592.9 | 565.4 | 592.9 | 565.4 | 592.9 | 565.4 | 592.9 | 551.6 | 579.2 | |
| ST | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | 565.4 | 592.9 | 551.6 | 579.2 | |
| e, % | L | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| LT | 12 | 12 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | |
| ST | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| E, GPa | 73.77 | 73.77 | 73.77 | 73.77 | 73.77 | 73.77 | 73.77 | 73.77 | 73.77 | 73.77 | 73.77 | 73.77 | |
| Ec, GPa | 75.15 | 75.15 | 75.15 | 75.15 | 75.15 | 75.15 | 75.15 | 75.15 | 75.15 | 75.15 | 75.15 | 75.15 | |
| ν | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | |
| ρ, kg/m³ | 2768 | 2768 | 2768 | 2768 | 2768 | 2768 | 2768 | 2768 | 2768 | 2768 | 2768 | 2768 | |
Effect of Temperature
Percent of the room-temperature value against temperature, digitized from the handbook figures (the shortest exposure of each figure, every 10 °F). Strength curves give the allowable at temperature; "after exposure" curves give the room-temperature property after a soak at that temperature.
Strength allowables at temperature, percent of room temperature
Moduli at temperature
Elongation and exposure effects
| °C | F_tu | F_ty | F_cy | F_su | F_bru | F_bry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -184 | 111.6 | 118.5 | ||||
| -129 | 105.3 | 108.3 | ||||
| -73 | 103 | 103.6 | ||||
| -18 | 101.6 | 102 | ||||
| 38 | 98.9 | 98.9 | 99.3 | 98.9 | 99.3 | 99.6 |
| 93 | 92.4 | 93.9 | 96.6 | 94.8 | 96.5 | 98 |
| 149 | 83.9 | 87.4 | 92.4 | 89.6 | 91 | 95.2 |
| 204 | 74.5 | 77.7 | 85.7 | 81.9 | 79.4 | 88.8 |
| 26 | 43.8 | 51.6 | 67.1 | 54.4 | 53.9 | 63.7 |
| 316 | 22.5 | 26.9 | 37.9 | 25.8 | 29.9 | 34.9 |
| 371 | 12 | 14 | 15.8 | 16.7 | ||
| 427 | 8 |
Factors in percent of the room-temperature allowable.
Other 2024 Tables
- 2024-T3 Clad flat sheet and plate (Table 3.2.3.0(e))
- 2024-T3 Drawn tubing (Table 3.2.3.0(g))
- 2024-T3 Sheet (Table 3.2.3.0(b))
- 2024-T3, T3510, and T3511 Extruded bar, rod, and shapes (Table 3.2.3.0(j))
- 2024-T351 Bar and rod; rolled, drawn, or cold-finished (Table 3.2.3.0(i))
- 2024-T351 Plate (Table 3.2.3.0(b))
- 2024-T361 Bar and rod; rolled, drawn, or cold-finished (Table 3.2.3.0(i))
- 2024-T361 Clad flat sheet and plate (Table 3.2.3.0(e))
- 2024-T361 Plate (Table 3.2.3.0(b))
- 2024-T361 Sheet (Table 3.2.3.0(b))
- 2024-T4 Bar and rod; rolled, drawn, or cold-finished (Table 3.2.3.0(i))
- 2024-T4 Clad coiled sheet (Table 3.2.3.0(e))
- 2024-T4 Coiled Sheet (Table 3.2.3.0(b))
- 2024-T42 Bar and rod; rolled, drawn, or cold-finished (Table 3.2.3.0(i))
- 2024-T42 Clad flat sheet and plate (Table 3.2.3.0(e))
- 2024-T42 Drawn tubing (Table 3.2.3.0(g))
- 2024-T42 Extruded bar, rod, and shapes (Table 3.2.3.0(j))
- 2024-T42 Flat Sheet and Plate (Table 3.2.3.0(b))
- 2024-T6 Bar and rod; rolled, drawn, or cold finished (Table 3.2.3.0(i))
- 2024-T62 Bar and rod; rolled, drawn, or cold finished (Table 3.2.3.0(i))
- 2024-T62 Clad flat sheet and plate (Table 3.2.3.0(e))
- 2024-T62 Flat Sheet and Plate (Table 3.2.3.0(b))
- 2024-T72 Clad flat sheet and plate (Table 3.2.3.0(e))
- 2024-T72 Flat Sheet and Plate (Table 3.2.3.0(b))
- 2024-T81 Clad flat sheet and plate (Table 3.2.3.0(e))
- 2024-T81 Drawn tubing (Table 3.2.3.0(g))
- 2024-T81 Sheet (Table 3.2.3.0(b))
- 2024-T81, T8510, and T8511 Extruded bar, rod, and shapes (Table 3.2.3.0(j))
- 2024-T851 Bar and rod; rolled, drawn, or cold finished (Table 3.2.3.0(i))
- 2024-T851 Clad flat sheet and plate (Table 3.2.3.0(e))
- 2024-T851 Plate (Table 3.2.3.0(b))
- 2024-T861 Clad flat sheet and plate (Table 3.2.3.0(e))
- 2024-T861 Plate (Table 3.2.3.0(b))
- 2024-T861 Sheet (Table 3.2.3.0(b))
Source and Use
U.S. Department of Defense (2003). Metallic Materials and Elements for Aerospace Vehicle Structures. MIL-HDBK-5J, 31 January 2003 (public domain). The values are the handbook's design allowables as extracted from the chapter tables; check the printed table before use in a certified analysis, and note that MIL-HDBK-5J was superseded by MMPDS, whose later editions may differ. No warranty is given.